United States tries to Contain Soviets Containment:
What was Containment?
When the U.S.-Soviet relations continued to worsen in 1946 and 1947, the United States became worried that Communism would spread to Turkey and Greece and so they wanted to “contain” the Communism. To do this, President Truman decided to go with the policy of Containment, which was a policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism. Some of the Containment policies are forming alliances and helping weak countries resist Soviet advances. Although this was an expensive, long, and dangerous process, it was victorious as well.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
On March 12, 1947, Truman gave a speech to the Congress, asking for foreign aid to help stop Communist expansion from the Soviet Union. The Truman Doctrine said that the United States would give military and economic assistance to Turkey and Greece, which were dealing with Communism. Dean Acheson, the undersecretary to Secretary of State, George C. Marshall, also pointed out that if Turkey and Greece fell into Communism, it would most likely spread to India and Iran. Some opponents of Truman did not believe that American interference in other nations affair’s was a good idea. However, Congress almost immediately granted $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece. The Truman Doctrine marked a turning point in the Cold War and kept America from the possible return to isolationism.
What two countries did Congress approve Truman's request for aid?
Turkey and Greece were authorized over $400 million in aid from the Congress.
The video clip to the left shows part of President Truman's Truman Doctrine Speech. This video shows President Truman talking about how he wants to help Turkey and Greece stay away from the influence of communism.
The Marshall Plan:
What was the status of many Western Countries after WW1? After WW1 many countries were faced with big economic problems. The loss of jobs made people unable to buy things from retailers because they had no money, and the retailers suffered because nobody was buying their goods. Since there was a small flow of money, not many people paid taxes. The country's government would not have funding from taxes, and the economy was basically shutdown.
What was the Marshall Plan?
The Marshall Plan was a plan created by george Marshall of the United States in order to rebuild the hurting economy of European countries. The speech was delivered on June 5, 1947 at harvard University.
Congress approves plan after communist takeover of Berlin
United States tries to contain Soviets and the Berlin Airlift:
In 1948, US, Britain, and France withdraw forces from East Germany.
What did their former occupation zones form?
Their former occupation zones formed West Germany.
Soviets oppose this, so they stopped land and water traffic into?
Soviets stopped land and water traffic into West Berlin, the western half of Berlin in Soviet-controlled East Germany. West Berlin, which was located in the Soviet occupation zone, faced?
West Berlin faced starvation of both food and supplies. Soviets used this coercive tactic to try to get the U.S., Britain, and France to give up on West Berlin and reestablishing West Germany.
U.S. and Britain fly in supplies for 11 months until the Blockade ends.
What was this known as?
This was known as the Berlin Airlift.
The Cold War Divides the World- the Cold War
What was the Cold War?
The Cold War was a large struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1940s to the early 1990s. The Cold War was caused by built up tension and distrust as result of World War II. Russia and the U.S. both wanted to extend their sphere of influences to other countries for the sole purpose of security. The Cold War dictated the U.S. and Soviet foreign policy and influenced world alliances.
Why did the superpowers form to protect their interests?
The superpowers formed alliances to protect their own interests. The east’s interest was communism and the west’s interest was direct democracy.
In 1949, U.S., Canada, West European Countries form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
What is NATO?
The NATO was the military alliance between ten western European nations joined with the United States and Canada. It was also called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The NATO was formed as a result of the Berlin blockade, which “heightened Western Europe’s fears of Soviet aggression” (Littell 535). Since the Soviet Union saw NATO as a threat, they decided to form their own alliance called the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania were all members of the Warsaw Pact.
In 1955, Soviets sign Warsaw Pact alliance.
In 1961, what did the Soviets build in Berlin? Why?
In 1961, they decided to build a wall that separated East and West Berlin. “The Berlin Wall symbolized a world divided into rival camps” (Littell 535). The East Germans were fleeing into West Berlin to gain freedom and direct democracy. This angered Khrushchev. He demanded that the Americans leave West Berlin. When they refused, it caused the Soviets to build the Berlin Wall.
Works Cited
Bartram, Graham. “NATO.” http://www.flags.net/NATO.htm. The World Flag Database, 2009. Web. 11 May 2010.
Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka. Modern World History. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print.
“The Cold War 1945-1970.” http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/hands-on classroom/classroom/pages/projects/grade12/lesson8/06-berlin- crisis.htm. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2010.
ERP’s anchor. “Foreign news; GERMANY.” Time. 19 Jan. 1948: 36. Student Resource Center Gold. Web. 7 Apr. 2010.
Gerdes, Louise I. The Cold War. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Print
Hanes, Sharon M. and Richard C. Hanes. Cold War Almanac. Farmington Hills, MI: UXL, 2004. Print.
"Harry S. Truman Delivers a Speech to Congress Detailing the Truman Doctrine." Modern World History Online. Facts on File, 2010. Video. May 2010.
"Harry S. Truman Delivers a Speech to Congress Detailing the Truman Doctrine.” Modern World History Online. Facts on File, 2010. Web. May 2010.
Keeley, Jennifer. Containing the Communists: America’s Foreign Entanglements. : Lucent Books, 2003. Print.
“Marshall Plan Poster.” http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/13801. Creative Commons Attribution, April 2010. Web. 13 May 2010.
Maus, Derek C. The Cold War. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Print.
Nickow, Ed. “Cubs Tweets in Haiku: The Marshall Plan.” http://www.chicagonow.com/blogs/chicago-sports-in-haiku/2009/08cubs-tweets-in-haiku-the-marshall-plan.html. CTMG Labs, Aug. 2009. Web. 13 May 2010.
“President Harry S. Truman Official Portrait.” Robert McMahan Photography. Famous Historical Photos. Picture. May 2010.
Sibley, Katherine A.S. The Cold War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Print
“The Berlin Airlift.” SpiritOfFreedom.org. Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation, 2000’s. Web. 12 May 2010. The Cold War. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Print.
Welch, John C. “The U.S. Constabulatory.” and “The Berlin Airlift.” ColdWar.org. Cold War Museum, Feb. 2005. Web. 6 Apr. 2010.
United States tries to Contain Soviets Containment:
What was Containment?
When the U.S.-Soviet relations continued to worsen in 1946 and 1947, the United States became worried that Communism would spread to Turkey and Greece and so they wanted to “contain” the Communism. To do this, President Truman decided to go with the policy of Containment, which was a policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism. Some of the Containment policies are forming alliances and helping weak countries resist Soviet advances. Although this was an expensive, long, and dangerous process, it was victorious as well.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
On March 12, 1947, Truman gave a speech to the Congress, asking for foreign aid to help stop Communist expansion from the Soviet Union. The Truman Doctrine said that the United States would give military and economic assistance to Turkey and Greece, which were dealing with Communism. Dean Acheson, the undersecretary to Secretary of State, George C. Marshall, also pointed out that if Turkey and Greece fell into Communism, it would most likely spread to India and Iran. Some opponents of Truman did not believe that American interference in other nations affair’s was a good idea. However, Congress almost immediately granted $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece. The Truman Doctrine marked a turning point in the Cold War and kept America from the possible return to isolationism.What two countries did Congress approve Truman's request for aid?
Turkey and Greece were authorized over $400 million in aid from the Congress.The video clip to the left shows part of President Truman's Truman Doctrine Speech. This video shows President Truman talking about how he wants to help Turkey and Greece stay away from the influence of communism.
The Marshall Plan:
What was the status of many Western Countries after WW1? After WW1 many countries were faced with big economic problems. The loss of jobs made people unable to buy things from retailers because they had no money, and the retailers suffered because nobody was buying their goods. Since there was a small flow of money, not many people paid taxes. The country's government would not have funding from taxes, and the economy was basically shutdown.
What was the Marshall Plan?
The Marshall Plan was a plan created by george Marshall of the United States in order to rebuild the hurting economy of European countries. The speech was delivered on June 5, 1947 at harvard University.Congress approves plan after communist takeover of Berlin
United States tries to contain Soviets and the Berlin Airlift:
In 1948, US, Britain, and France withdraw forces from East Germany.
What did their former occupation zones form?
Their former occupation zones formed West Germany.
Soviets oppose this, so they stopped land and water traffic into?
Soviets stopped land and water traffic into West Berlin, the western half of Berlin in Soviet-controlled East Germany.
West Berlin, which was located in the Soviet occupation zone, faced?
West Berlin faced starvation of both food and supplies. Soviets used this coercive tactic to try to get the U.S., Britain, and France to give up on West Berlin and reestablishing West Germany.
U.S. and Britain fly in supplies for 11 months until the Blockade ends.
What was this known as?
This was known as the Berlin Airlift.
The Cold War Divides the World- the Cold War
What was the Cold War?
The Cold War was a large struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1940s to the early 1990s. The Cold War was caused by built up tension and distrust as result of World War II. Russia and the U.S. both wanted to extend their sphere of influences to other countries for the sole purpose of security. The Cold War dictated the U.S. and Soviet foreign policy and influenced world alliances.Why did the superpowers form to protect their interests?
The superpowers formed alliances to protect their own interests. The east’s interest was communism and the west’s interest was direct democracy.In 1949, U.S., Canada, West European Countries form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The NATO was the military alliance between ten western European nations joined with the United States and Canada. It was also called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The NATO was formed as a result of the Berlin blockade, which “heightened Western Europe’s fears of Soviet aggression” (Littell 535). Since the Soviet Union saw NATO as a threat, they decided to form their own alliance called the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania were all members of the Warsaw Pact.
In 1955, Soviets sign Warsaw Pact alliance.
In 1961, what did the Soviets build in Berlin? Why?
In 1961, they decided to build a wall that separated East and West Berlin. “The Berlin Wall symbolized a world divided into rival camps” (Littell 535). The East Germans were fleeing into West Berlin to gain freedom and direct democracy. This angered Khrushchev. He demanded that the Americans leave West Berlin. When they refused, it caused the Soviets to build the Berlin Wall.Works Cited
Bartram, Graham. “NATO.” http://www.flags.net/NATO.htm. The World Flag Database, 2009. Web. 11 May 2010.
Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka. Modern World History. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print.
“The Cold War 1945-1970.” http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/hands-on classroom/classroom/pages/projects/grade12/lesson8/06-berlin- crisis.htm. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2010.
ERP’s anchor. “Foreign news; GERMANY.” Time. 19 Jan. 1948: 36. Student Resource Center Gold. Web. 7 Apr. 2010.
Gerdes, Louise I. The Cold War. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Print
Hanes, Sharon M. and Richard C. Hanes. Cold War Almanac. Farmington Hills, MI: UXL, 2004. Print.
"Harry S. Truman Delivers a Speech to Congress Detailing the Truman Doctrine." Modern World History Online. Facts on File, 2010. Video. May 2010.
"Harry S. Truman Delivers a Speech to Congress Detailing the Truman Doctrine.” Modern World History Online. Facts on File, 2010. Web. May 2010.
Keeley, Jennifer. Containing the Communists: America’s Foreign Entanglements. : Lucent Books, 2003. Print.
“Marshall Plan Poster.” http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/13801. Creative Commons Attribution, April 2010. Web. 13 May 2010.
Maus, Derek C. The Cold War. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Print.
Nickow, Ed. “Cubs Tweets in Haiku: The Marshall Plan.” http://www.chicagonow.com/blogs/chicago-sports-in-haiku/2009/08cubs-tweets-in-haiku-the-marshall-plan.html. CTMG Labs, Aug. 2009. Web. 13 May 2010.
“President Harry S. Truman Official Portrait.” Robert McMahan Photography. Famous Historical Photos. Picture. May 2010.
Sibley, Katherine A.S. The Cold War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Print
“The Berlin Airlift.” SpiritOfFreedom.org. Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation, 2000’s. Web. 12 May 2010.
The Cold War. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Print.
Welch, John C. “The U.S. Constabulatory.” and “The Berlin Airlift.” ColdWar.org. Cold War Museum, Feb. 2005. Web. 6 Apr. 2010.